string+manipulation

3.2.4 g
 * ===understand and use a range of operators and built-in functions for string manipulation, including location (LOCATE), extraction (LEFT, MID, RIGHT), comparison, concatenation, determining the length of a string (LENGTH) and converting between characters and their ASCII code (ASCII and CHAR);===

=__Concatenating__= To concatenate is to **join two strings** together into **one string**. Most programming languages will use the "+" operator, as it is similar to **adding two values together**.
 * = Keywords = || = Definitions = ||
 * === String === || ===Textual data in the form of a list of characters, for example words and punctuation. String data is made up of character data and will usually vary in length=== ||
 * === Character Set === || ===A list of characters and their binary equivalents so that a computer can store and load characters=== ||
 * === ASCII === || ===American Standard Code for Information Interchange, a character set=== ||
 * ===** Example 1: **===

**fullName = firstName + surname **
|| The value of the string "fullName" in the example above will be "TobyKerr". To add a gap (or any other character which is not initialised in the code) the character will have to be added with quotations (" ").
 * === Example 2: ===

fullName = firstName + " " + surname
|| The value of "fullName" will now be "Toby Kerr".

=__Extracting__= Extracting from a string means to **lift out** a certain part of the string to be used. There are usually 3 types of **extracting tools** called **LEFT,RIGHT and MID.**


 * FORMAT || LEFT ||
 * What it does || returns the given **number of characters** from the **left of the string** ||
 * Example || LEFT("Toby Kerr", 4) returns the string "Toby" ||


 * FORMAT || RIGHT ||
 * What it does || returns the given **number of characters** from the **right of the string** ||
 * Example || RIGHT("Toby Kerr", 4) returns the string "Kerr" ||

=__Locating__= Locating is to **find characters within a string**
 * FORMAT || MID ||
 * What it does || returns the given **number of characters** from the **given starting position** ||
 * Example || MID("Toby Kerr",3,7) returns the string "by Ke" ||

It could be formatted as: LOCATE
 * === Example 3: ===

LOCATE("by","Toby Kerr")
|| This would return the value "3" because "by" starts 3 characters into the string. =__Length__= Lots of languages come with a function for finding the **length of a string.**

It could be formatted as: LENGTH
 * === Example 4: ===

LENGTH("Toby Kerr")
||

This will return the value 9 because "Toby Kerr" is 9 characters long.

=__Character Codes__= Each letter has a **numerical code** to go with it. A function can be used to **find the value** of that code

It could be formatted as: CHAR this would **return a character from a number**. ASCII this would **return a number from a character**
 * === Example 5: ===

ASCII("65")
|| The top will return the value 65. because 65 is the **ASCII** code for A The bottom will return the character "A" because 65 is the **ASCII** code for A

=__Comparing__= Strings can also be used in **boolean operations** because all the characters have **numerical codes**. Therefore: A = A <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">A < B <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">B > A

the numerical order from lowest to highest is. the **SPACE** character the **digets** from 0 - 9 Letters with **accents**
 * Uppercase** letters
 * Lowercase** letters